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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lithiumoxid</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Chemikalie" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Chemikalie">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Kristallstruktur
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%;"><span style="background:#B3EE3A;border-radius: 12px;color: transparent; width: 12px; line-height:12px;display:inline-block;">_</span> <a href="Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a><sup>+</sup> <span style="visibility:hidden;">0</span> <span style="background:#C0C0C0;border-radius: 12px;color: transparent; width: 12px; line-height:12px;display:inline-block;">_</span> <a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">O</a><sup>2−</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Allgemeines
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:33%;">Name
</td>
<td>Lithiumoxid
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Verh%C3%A4ltnisformel" title="Verhältnisformel">Verhältnisformel</a>
</td>
<td>Li<sub>2</sub>O
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Kurzbeschreibung
</td>
<td>
<p>weißer, geruchloser Feststoff<sup id="cite_ref-alfa_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alfa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Externe Identifikatoren/Datenbanken
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable" data-expandtext="+" data-collapsetext="−" style="border-top:none; margin:-1px; width:calc(100% + 2px);">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="width:33%;"><a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12057-24-8">12057-24-8</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td>
<td style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; border-top:1px solid #FFDEAD; padding:0.2em 0; vertical-align:bottom; width:5%;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2">235-019-5
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.031.823">100.031.823</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/166630">166630</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.145811.html">145811</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385662" class="extiw external" title="d:Q385662">Q385662</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Molare_Masse" title="Molare Masse">Molare Masse</a>
</td>
<td>29,88 g·<a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>fest
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Dichte" title="Dichte">Dichte</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>2,01 g·cm<sup>−3</sup><sup id="cite_ref-alfa_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alfa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>1427 <a href="Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a><sup id="cite_ref-alfa_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alfa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="L%C3%B6slichkeit" title="Löslichkeit">Löslichkeit</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>reagiert mit Wasser<sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-George_K._Schweitzer,_Lester_L._Pesterfield_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George_K._Schweitzer,_Lester_L._Pesterfield-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Sicherheitshinweise
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe-neutral" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; display:flex; justify-content:center;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="05 – Ätzend"></a></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Gefahr</b>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="33%" style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; border-right:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;"><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze" title="H- und P-Sätze">H- und P-Sätze</a>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">H: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: H-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Verursacht schwere Verätzungen der Haut und schwere Augenschäden.">314</span></span></a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">P: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: P-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz/Gesichtsschutz/Gehörschutz/… tragen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „12. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 17. Oktober 2020)">280</span></span></a>‐<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Kontakt mit den Augen: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „8. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Februar 2018)">305+351+338</span></span></a>‐<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Sofort Giftinformationszentrum, Arzt oder … anrufen.">310</span></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; font-size:80%; text-align:center; line-height:150%; padding:.25em;">Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a> (0 °C, 1000 hPa).
</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>Lithiumoxid</b> ist eine <a href="Chemische_Verbindung" title="Chemische Verbindung">chemische Verbindung</a>, die aus <a href="Lithium" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> und <a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">Sauerstoff</a> aufgebaut ist. Es wird zur Herstellung von <a href="Lithiumniobat" title="Lithiumniobat">Lithiumniobat</a> sowie als Zusatzstoff in Keramiken und Gläsern benutzt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gewinnung_und_Darstellung">Gewinnung und Darstellung</h2></div>
<p>Lithiumoxid kann durch Verbrennung von <a href="Lithium" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> oder durch <a href="Thermolyse" title="Thermolyse">thermische Zersetzung</a> von <a href="Lithiumperoxid" title="Lithiumperoxid">Lithiumperoxid</a> oder <a href="Lithiumhydroxid" title="Lithiumhydroxid">Lithiumhydroxid</a> hergestellt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-wiberg_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wiberg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brauer_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brauer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {4\ Li+O_{2}\longrightarrow \ 2\ Li_{2}O} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {4\ Li+O_{2}\longrightarrow \ 2\ Li_{2}O} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a38fb81403fb6fee7659b8efded5be23e88eec8e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:21.927ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {4\ Li+O_{2}\longrightarrow \ 2\ Li_{2}O} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ Li_{2}O_{2}{\xrightarrow {195^{\circ }C}}\ 2\ Li_{2}O\ +O_{2}} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ Li_{2}O_{2}{\xrightarrow {195^{\circ }C}}\ 2\ Li_{2}O\ +O_{2}} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fe157c06b488ceb539d41fb85e013e6db55be604.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-top: -0.429ex; width:27.136ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ Li_{2}O_{2}\xrightarrow {195^{\circ }C} \ 2\ Li_{2}O\ +O_{2}} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ LiOH\longrightarrow Li_{2}O+H_{2}O} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ LiOH\longrightarrow Li_{2}O+H_{2}O} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f503f87e9ee88a0cb971416a30b41d45e29f0302.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:24.898ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ LiOH\longrightarrow Li_{2}O+H_{2}O} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>Lithiumoxid ist ein weißer, geruchloser Feststoff. Er hat eine Kristallstruktur vom Anti-Flussspat-Typ (a = 4,611 Å).<sup id="cite_ref-brauer_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brauer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die <a href="Standardbildungsenthalpie" class="mw-redirect" title="Standardbildungsenthalpie">Standardbildungsenthalpie</a> von Lithiumoxid beträgt ΔH<sub>f</sub><sup>0</sup> = −599,1 kJ/mol(Li<sub>2</sub>O) = −20,05 MJ/kg(Li<sub>2</sub>O) = −299,1 kJ/mol(Li) = −43,16 MJ/kg(Li) = ~−12 kWh/kg(Li).<sup id="cite_ref-wiberg1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wiberg1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<p>Lithiumoxid dient als Ausgangsstoff zur Herstellung von <a href="Lithiumniobat" title="Lithiumniobat">Lithiumniobat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Des Weiteren kann es als Zusatzstoff zur Herstellung von <a href="Keramik" title="Keramik">Keramiken</a> und Gläsern eingesetzt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Auch in <a href="Fusionsreaktor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusionsreaktor">Fusionsreaktoren</a> kann es eingesetzt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-alfa-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-alfa_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-alfa_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-alfa_1-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Datenblatt <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alfa.com/de/catalog/41832">Lithiumoxid</a></span> bei <a href="Alfa_Aesar" title="Alfa Aesar">Alfa Aesar</a>, abgerufen am 15. Dezember 2010 <small>(Seite nicht mehr abrufbar)</small>.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Sigma-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_2-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Datenblatt <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/ALDRICH/374725">Lithium oxide</a></span> bei <a href="Sigma-Aldrich" title="Sigma-Aldrich">Sigma-Aldrich</a>, abgerufen am 8. April 2011 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/DE/de/sds/ALDRICH/374725?userType=anonymous">PDF</a>).<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-George_K._Schweitzer,_Lester_L._Pesterfield-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-George_K._Schweitzer,_Lester_L._Pesterfield_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">George K. Schweitzer, Lester L. Pesterfield: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Aqueous Chemistry of the Elements</cite>. Oxford University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-974219-6, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>100</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=-TNhhlGcCzwC&pg=PA100#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Lithiumoxid&rft.au=George+K.+Schweitzer%2C+Lester+L.+Pesterfield&rft.btitle=The+Aqueous+Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780199742196&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-wiberg-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wiberg_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Arnold_F._Holleman" title="Arnold F. Holleman">A. F. Holleman</a>, <a href="Egon_Wiberg" title="Egon Wiberg">E. Wiberg</a>, <a href="Nils_Wiberg" title="Nils Wiberg">N. Wiberg</a>: <i><a href="Holleman-Wiberg_Lehrbuch_der_Anorganischen_Chemie" title="Holleman-Wiberg Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie">Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</a>.</i> 101. Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-012641-9, S. 1152.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-brauer-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-brauer_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-brauer_5-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Georg_Brauer" title="Georg Brauer">Georg Brauer</a> (Hrsg.), unter Mitarbeit von <a href="Marianne_Baudler" title="Marianne Baudler">Marianne Baudler</a> u. a.: <i>Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie.</i> 3., umgearbeitete Auflage. Band II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3, S. 951.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-wiberg1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wiberg1_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Arnold_F._Holleman" title="Arnold F. Holleman">A. F. Holleman</a>, <a href="Egon_Wiberg" title="Egon Wiberg">E. Wiberg</a>, <a href="Nils_Wiberg" title="Nils Wiberg">N. Wiberg</a>: <i><a href="Holleman-Wiberg_Lehrbuch_der_Anorganischen_Chemie" title="Holleman-Wiberg Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie">Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</a>.</i> 101. Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-012641-9, S. 1176.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/974861774/34">Doktorarbeit Ulrich Grusemann</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aw-keramik.net/download/SkriptumVers01.pdf">Vorlesungsskript</a> (PDF; 35 kB).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Risely Technical Service Report: <i>The use of lithium oxide as the breeder in fusion reactors</i>. Juli 1989, S. 30.</span>
</li>
</ol>
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